Rebecka Goldstein
| Residence: | Germany, Westpreussen, kr Elbing, Elbing 1) | |
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| Schutzjuden: | 1) | Isaak David (Saphir)
Samuel Isaak (Goldstein)
Lewin Abraham (Weinberg)
In 1783, Moses Simon paid 40,000 Thaler to the city to earn protection and the rights to compete with his Christian counterparts in Elbing <many-roads.com/index.php/tag/elbing/> for himself and his descendants. (Schutz = protection and Juden= Jews)
By 1812, 33 such families had settled in Elbing. Most had paid a fee to the Prussian state and were permitted to settle anywhere. Some chose the city of Elbing. Hardenberg’s edict of 1812 gave full citizenship rights to all people of the Jewish faith in Prussia <many-roads.com/index.php/category/histories/prussia/>. Up to this time Jews were known by their biblical names and they now were required to chose a proper German name so as to be integrated into society.
I should add that the word Schutz has no particular negative connotation. All during the 19th century cities in the HRE (Holy Roman Empire) were somewhat independent of the local lords around them and often arrived at Reichststadt status were they were only nominally answerable to the emperor. In short they made their own laws and rules based upon commerce and what was good for the town. Taxes were paid to continue these relationships. To come to live in such a city was not just a matter of moving there. Newcomers of all sorts needed permission and often paid a fee to be placed in temporary Bürger status. They were called Schutzbürger and were then allowed to do whatever they had applied to do. The locals were often against such newcomers because they were seen as competitors to the trade and the local status quo.
Because of the potential friction with the locals the city managers provided protection via socalled Schutzbriefe or letters.
Elbing was never in the HRE but was a free city state under nominal protection of the Polish king. As a German city it pretty much did it’s own thing without involvement of the crown. This nominal Polish status had been arranged by the Prussian League of cities at the treaty of Oliva outside of Danzig <many-roads.com/index.php/2009/12/03/danzig/> in 1661 with Poland <many-roads.com/index.php/tag/poland/>, Sweden <many-roads.com/index.php/tag/sweden/> and Brandenburg-Prussia <many-roads.com/index.php/tag/prussia/>.
Here is a list of Elbing’s first Jewish families with their “new” surnames:
the widow Beile (Albrecht)
Zacharias & Michel Daniel (Bendon)
Simon Samuel (Blum)
Josefine (Clausdorff)
Wolf Samuel (Frankenstein)
Moses Joachim Levi und Salomon Mendel (Goldschmidt)
Wolf Lewin ( Goldstamm )
Samuel Isaak (Goldstein)
Hanna und Bune Abraham (Heidenreich)
David Hirsch (Hirsch)
Ww. More Jacoby (Jacoby)
Lewin Jacob (Jacobsohn)
Josef Lewin & Jacob Josef ( Jost)
Israel Kaufmann (Kauffmann)
Barend Isaak ( Kuhn)
Wolf Samuel Laaser, Wulff Saul Laserun (Laaseron)
Abraham Isaak ( Lewinson)
Leib Jakob Lewin (Loewenthal)
Beile Mendel (Mindheim)
Mendel Moritz Daniel (Moritzsohn)
Moses Koel (Mosheim)
Meyer Israel (Ries)
Josef Schaul (Rosenberg)
Widow Roese Markus (Rosenberg)
Isaak David (Saphir)
Moses Lewin (Lewinsohn )
Kaufmann Simon (Simson)
Lewin Liepmann (Spiro)
Salomon Isaak (Stoltzenberg)
Lewin Abraham (Weinberg)
Wolf Abraham & Itzig Wolff (Wollmann)
Leonora und Hanna Wulff (Wulff)
Bendix Oppenheim (Oppenheim)
To find the origins of those early families under their pre-Elbing names would seem to be a rather difficult task. [...]
By 1824, 51 families had built a substantial synagogue and school. Many became leading citizens of their town serving in various municipal and business leadership functions.
[...]
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| Goldstein's: | 1851 1) | I Goldstein - Mauerstrasse 23/24
Samuel Isaak - Schmiedestrasse 2 (Leinwandhandlung)
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| Samuel Isaak: | (1859-1861) 1) | |
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Sources
| 1) | Judith Elam (elamj@hawaii.rr.com) |
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| 2) | FHL INTL Film 743206 item 17, page 71 - 72, Dirschau 1828 - 1848, gifta |
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